In consideration of the foregoing, FMCSA amends title 49, Code of

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20051800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/05-14259.htm

In consideration of the foregoing, FMCSA amends title 49, Code of

Federal Regulations, subchapter B, chapter III, as follows:

PART 390--[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 390 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 508, 13301, 13902, 31133, 31136, 31502,

31504, and sec. 204, Pub. L. 104-88, 109 Stat. 803, 941 (49 U.S.C.

701 note); sec. 114, Pub. L. 103-311, 108 Stat. 1673, 1677; sec.

217, Pub. L. 106-159, 113 Stat. 1748, 1767; and 49 CFR 1.73.

2. Section 390.5 is amended by revising the definition of driveaway-

towaway operation to read as follows:

Sec.  390.5  Definitions.

* * * * *

    Driveaway-towaway operation means an operation in which an empty or

unladen motor vehicle with one or more sets of wheels on the surface of

the roadway is being transported:

    (1) Between vehicle manufacturer's facilities;

    (2) Between a vehicle manufacturer and a dealership or purchaser;

    (3) Between a dealership, or other entity selling or leasing the

vehicle, and a purchaser or lessee;

    (4) To a motor carrier's terminal or repair facility for the repair

of disabling damage (as defined in Sec.  390.5) following a crash; or

    (5) To a motor carrier's terminal or repair facility for repairs

associated with the failure of a vehicle component or system; or

    (6) By means of a saddle-mount or tow-bar.

* * * * *

PART 392--[AMENDED]

3. The authority citation for part 392 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 13902, 31136, 31502; and 49 CFR 1.73.

4. Section 392.33 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  392.33  Obscured lamps or reflective devices/material.

    (a) No commercial motor vehicle shall be driven when any of the

lamps or reflective devices/material required by subpart B of part 393

of this title are obscured by the tailboard, or by any part of the load

or its covering, by dirt, or other added vehicle or work equipment or

otherwise.

    (b) Exception. The conspicuity treatments on the front end

protection devices of the trailer may be obscured by part of the load

being transported.

PART 393--[AMENDED]

5. The authority citation for part 393 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 31136, and 31502; Section 1041(b) of

Pub. L. 102-240, 105 Stat. 1914, 1993 (1991); and 49 CFR 1.73.

6. Section 393.1 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.1  Scope of the rules in this part.

    (a) The rules in this part establish minimum standards for

commercial motor vehicles as defined in Sec.  390.5 of this title. Only

motor vehicles (as defined in Sec.  390.5) and combinations of motor

vehicles which meet the definition of a commercial motor vehicle are

subject to the requirements of this part. All requirements that refer

to motor vehicles with a GVWR below 4,536 kg (10,001 pounds) are

applicable only when the motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles

meets the definition of a commercial motor vehicle.

    (b) Every employer and employee shall comply and be conversant with

the requirements and specifications of this part. No employer shall

operate a

[[Page 48026]]

commercial motor vehicle, or cause or permit it to be operated, unless

it is equipped in accordance with the requirements and specifications

of this part.

7. Section 393.5 is amended by removing the definitions of ``bus'' and

``container chassis''; and by adding in alphabetical order definitions

for ``air brake system,'' ``air-over-hydraulic brake system,''

``auxiliary driving lamp,'' ``boat trailer,'' ``brake power assist

unit,'' ``brake power unit,'' ``container chassis trailer,'' ``electric

brake system,'' ``emergency brake,'' ``front fog lamp,'' ``hydraulic

brake system,'' ``multi-piece windshield,'' ``split service brake

system,'' ``tow bar,'' ``trailer kingpin,'' ``vacuum brake system,''

``windshield''; and by revising the definitions of ``chassis,''

``clearance lamp,'' ``heater,'' ``heavy hauler trailer,'' ``parking

brake system,'' ``side marker lamp (intermediate),'' and ``side marker

lamps'' to read as follows:

Sec.  393.5  Definitions.

* * * * *

    Air brake system. A system, including an air-over-hydraulic brake

subsystem, that uses air as a medium for transmitting pressure or force

from the driver control to the service brake, but does not include a

system that uses compressed air or vacuum only to assist the driver in

applying muscular force to hydraulic or mechanical components.

    Air-over-hydraulic brake subsystem. A subsystem of the air brake

system that uses compressed air to transmit a force from the driver

control to a hydraulic brake system to actuate the service brakes.

* * * * *

    Auxiliary driving lamp. A lighting device mounted to provide

illumination forward of the vehicle which supplements the upper beam of

a standard headlighting system. It is not intended for use alone or

with the lower beam of a standard headlamp system.

* * * * *

    Boat trailer. A trailer designed with cradle-type mountings to

transport a boat and configured to permit launching of the boat from

the rear of the trailer.

* * * * *

    Brake power assist unit. A device installed in a hydraulic brake

system that reduces the operator effort required to actuate the system,

but which if inoperative does not prevent the operator from braking the

vehicle by a continued application of muscular force on the service

brake control.

    Brake power unit. A device installed in a brake system that

provides the energy required to actuate the brakes, either directly or

indirectly through an auxiliary device, with the operator action

consisting only of modulating the energy application level.

* * * * *

    Chassis. The load-supporting frame of a commercial motor vehicle,

exclusive of any appurtenances which might be added to accommodate

cargo.

    Clearance Lamps. Lamps that provide light to the front or rear,

mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle, such that they

indicate the overall width of the vehicle.

    Container chassis trailer. A semitrailer of skeleton construction

limited to a bottom frame, one or more axles, specially built and

fitted with locking devices for the transport of intermodal cargo

containers, so that when the chassis and container are assembled, the

units serve the same function as an over the road trailer.

* * * * *

    Electric brake system. A system that uses electric current to

actuate the service brake.

    Emergency brake. A mechanism designed to stop a motor vehicle after

a failure of the service brake system.

* * * * *

    Front fog lamp. A lighting device whose beam provides downward

illumination forward of the vehicle and close to the ground, and is to

be used only under conditions of rain, snow, dust, smoke or fog. A pair

of fog lamps may be used alone, with parking, tail, side, marker,

clearance and identification lamps, or with a lower beam headlamp at

the driver's discretion in accordance with state and local use law.

* * * * *

    Heater. Any device or assembly of devices or appliances used to

heat the interior of any motor vehicle. This includes a catalytic

heater which must meet the requirements of Sec.  177.834(l)(2) of this

title when Class 3 (flammable liquid) or Division 2.1 (flammable gas)

is transported.

    Heavy hauler trailer. A trailer which has one or more of the

following characteristics, but which is not a container chassis

trailer:

    (1) Its brake lines are designed to adapt to separation or

extension of the vehicle frame; or

    (2) Its body consists only of a platform whose primary cargo-

carrying surface is not more than 1,016 mm (40 inches) above the ground

in an unloaded condition, except that it may include sides that are

designed to be easily removable and a permanent ``front-end structure''

as that term is used in Sec.  393.106 of this title.

* * * * *

    Hydraulic brake system. A system that uses hydraulic fluid as a

medium for transmitting force from a service brake control to the

service brake, and that may incorporate a brake power assist unit, or a

brake power unit.

* * * * *

    Multi-piece windshield. A windshield consisting of two or more

windshield glazing surface areas.

    Parking brake system. A mechanism designed to prevent the movement

of a stationary motor vehicle.

* * * * *

    Side marker lamp (Intermediate). A lamp mounted on the side, on the

permanent structure of the motor vehicle that provides light to the

side to indicate the approximate middle of the vehicle, when the motor

vehicle is 9.14 meters (30 feet) or more in length.

    Side Marker Lamps. Lamps mounted on the side, on the permanent

structure of the motor vehicle as near as practicable to the front and

rear of the vehicle, that provide light to the side to indicate the

overall length of the motor vehicle.

* * * * *

    Split service brake system. A brake system consisting of two or

more subsystems actuated by a single control designed so that a

leakage-type failure of a pressure component in a single subsystem

(except structural failure of a housing that is common to two or more

subsystems) shall not impair the operation of any other subsystem.

* * * * *

    Tow bar. A strut or column-like device temporarily attached between

the rear of a towing vehicle and the front of the vehicle being towed.

* * * * *

    Trailer kingpin. A pin (with a flange on its lower end) which

extends vertically from the front of the underside of a semitrailer and

which locks into a fifth wheel.

* * * * *

    Vacuum brake system. A system that uses a vacuum and atmospheric

pressure for transmitting a force from the driver control to the

service brake, not including a system that uses vacuum only to assist

the driver in applying muscular force to hydraulic or mechanical

components.

* * * * *

    Windshield. The principal forward facing glazed surface provided

for forward vision in operating a motor vehicle.

* * * * *

[[Page 48027]]

8. Section 393.7 is amended by redesignating paragraphs (b)(1) through

(b)(6) as (b)(17) through (b)(23), adding new paragraphs (b)(1) through

(b)(16), revising newly redesignated (b)(17) and adding paragraphs

(c)(7) and (c)(8) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.7  Matters incorporated by reference.

* * * * *

    (b)(1) Auxiliary Upper Beam Lamps, Society of Automotive Engineers

(SAE) J581, July 2004, incorporation by reference approved for Sec.

393.24(b).

    (2) Front Fog Lamp, SAE J583, August 2004, incorporation by

reference approved for Sec.  393.24(b).

    (3) Stop Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in

Overall Width, SAE J586, March 2000, incorporation by reference

approved for Sec.  393.25(c).

    (4) Stop Lamps and Front- and Rear-Turn Signal Lamps for Use on

Motor Vehicles 2032 mm or more in Overall Width, SAE J2261, January

2002, incorporated by reference approved for Sec.  393.25 (c).

    (5) Tail Lamps (Rear Position Lamps) for Use on Motor Vehicles Less

Than 2032 mm in Overall Width, SAE J585, March 2000, incorporation by

reference approved for Sec.  393.25(c).

    (6) Tail Lamps (Rear Position Lamps) for Use on Vehicles 2032 mm or

More in Overall Width, SAE J2040, March 2002, incorporation by

reference approved for Sec.  393.25(c).

    (7) Turn Signal Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm

in Overall Width, SAE J588, March 2000, incorporation by reference

approved for Sec.  393.25(c).

    (8) Sidemarker Lamps for Use on Road Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in

Overall Width, SAE J592, August 2000, incorporation by reference

approved for Sec.  393.25(c).

    (9) Directional Flashing Optical Warning Devices for Authorized

Emergency, Maintenance, and Service Vehicles, SAE J595, January 2005,

incorporation by reference approved for Sec.  393.25(e).

    (10) Optical Warning Devices for Authorized Emergency, Maintenance,

and Service Vehicles, SAE J845, May 1997, incorporation by reference

approved for Sec.  393.25(e).

    (11) Gaseous Discharge Warning Lamp for Authorized Emergency,

Maintenance, and Service Vehicles, SAE J1318, May 1998, incorporation

by reference approved for Sec.  393.25(e).

    (12) Reflex Reflectors, SAE J594, December 2003, incorporation by

reference approved for Sec.  393.26(c).

    (13) Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for

Traffic Control, American Society of Testing and Materials, ASTM D

4956-04, 2004, incorporation by reference approved for Sec.  393.26(c).

    (14) Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach

Wiring, SAE J1292, October 1981, incorporated by reference approved for

Sec.  393.28.

    (15) Long Stroke Air Brake Actuator Marking, SAE J1817, July 2001,

incorporation by reference approved for Sec.  393.47(e).

    (16) American National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for

Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land

Highways-Safety Standard, SAE Z26.1-1996, August 1997, incorporation by

reference approved for Sec.  393.62(d).

    (17) Specification for Sound Level Meters, American National

Standards Institute, S1.4-1983, incorporation by reference approved for

Sec.  393.94(c).

* * * * *

    (c) Availability. The materials incorporated by reference are

available as follows:

* * * * *

    (7) Standards of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

Information and copies may be obtained by writing to: Society of

Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,

Pennsylvania 15096.

    (8) Standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Information and copies may be obtained by writing to: American National

Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036.

* * * * *

9. The title of subpart B is revised to read as follows:

Subpart B--Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Electrical Wiring

10. Section 393.9 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.9  Lamps operable, prohibition of obstructions of lamps and

reflectors.

    (a) All lamps required by this subpart shall be capable of being

operated at all times. This paragraph shall not be construed to require

that any auxiliary or additional lamp be capable of operating at all

times.

    (b) Lamps and reflective devices/material required by this subpart

must not be obscured by the tailboard, or by any part of the load, or

its covering by dirt, or other added vehicle or work equipment, or

otherwise. Exception: The conspicuity treatments on the front end

protection devices may be obscured by part of the load being

transported.

11. Section 393.11 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.11  Lamps and reflective devices.

    (a)(1) Lamps and reflex reflectors. Table 1 specifies the

requirements for lamps, reflective devices and associated equipment by

the type of commercial motor vehicle. The diagrams in this section

illustrate the position of the lamps, reflective devices and associated

equipment specified in Table 1. All commercial motor vehicles

manufactured on or after December 25, 1968, must, at a minimum, meet

the applicable requirements of 49 CFR 571.108 (FMVSS No. 108) in effect

at the time of manufacture of the vehicle. Commercial motor vehicles

manufactured before December 25, 1968, must, at a minimum, meet the

requirements of subpart B of part 393 in effect at the time of

manufacture.

    (2) Exceptions: Pole trailers and trailer converter dollies must

meet the part 393 requirements for lamps, reflective devices and

electrical equipment in effect at the time of manufacture. Trailers

which are equipped with conspicuity material which meets the

requirements of Sec.  393.11(b) are not required to be equipped with

the reflex reflectors listed in Table 1 if--

    (i) The conspicuity material is placed at the locations where

reflex reflectors are required by Table 1; and

    (ii) The conspicuity material when installed on the motor vehicle

meets the visibility requirements for the reflex reflectors.

    (b) Conspicuity Systems. Each trailer of 2,032 mm (80 inches) or

more overall width, and with a GVWR over 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds),

manufactured on or after December 1, 1993, except pole trailers and

trailers designed exclusively for living or office use, shall be

equipped with either retroreflective sheeting that meets the

requirements of FMVSS No. 108 (S5.7.1), reflex reflectors that meet the

requirements FMVSS No. 108 (S5.7.2), or a combination of

retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors that meet the

requirements of FMVSS No. 108 (S5.7.3). The conspicuity system shall be

installed and located as specified in FMVSS No. 108 [S5.7.1.4 (for

retroreflective sheeting), S5.7.2.2 (for reflex reflectors), S5.7.3

(for a combination of sheeting and reflectors)] and have certification

and markings as required by S5.7.1.5 (for retroreflective tape) and

S5.7.2.3 (for reflex reflectors).

    (c) Prohibition on the use of amber stop lamps and tail lamps. No

commercial motor vehicle may be equipped with an amber stop lamp, a

tail lamp, or other lamp which is optically combined with an amber stop lamp or tail lamp.

    (d) Prohibition on the use of auxiliary lamps that supplement the

identification lamps. No commercial motor vehicle may be equipped with

lamps that are in a horizontal line with the required identification

lamps unless those lamps are required by this regulation.

Table 1.--Required Lamps and Reflectors on Commercial Motor Vehicles
Item on the vehicle	Quantity	Color	Location	Position	Height above the road surface in millimeters (mm)measured from the center of the lamp at curb weight	Vehicles for which the devices are required
Headlamps...........	2	White	Front	On the front at the same height, with an equal number at each side of the vertical center line as far apart as practicable	Not less than 559 mm (22 inches)nor more than 1,372 mm (54 inches)	A, B, C
Turn signal (front) See footnotes 2 and 12	2	Amber	At or near the front	One on each side of the vertical centerline at the same height and as far apart as practicable.	Not less than 381 mm (15 inches) nor more than 2,108 mm (83 inches)	A, B, C
Identifi-cation lamps (front). See footnote 1.	3	Amber	Front	As close as practicable to the the top of the vehicle, at the same height, and as close as practicable to the vertical centerline of the vehicle (or the vertical centerline of the cab where different from the centerline of the vehicle) with lamp centers spaced not less than 152 mm (6 inches) or more than 305 mm (12 inches) apart Alternatively, the front lamps may be located as close as practicable to the top of the cab.	All three on same level as close as practicable to the top of the motor vehicle	B, C
Tail lamps. See footnotes 5 and 11	2	Red	Rear	One lamp on each side of the vertical centerline at the same height and as far apart as practicable	Both on the same level between 381 mm(15 inches) and 1,829 mm (72 inches).	A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
Stop lamps. See footnotes 5 and 13	2	Red	Rear	One lamp on each side of the vertical centerline at the same height and as far apart as practicable	Both on the same level between 381 mm(15 inches) and 1,829 mm (72 inches).	A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Clearance lamps. See footnotes 8, 9, 10, 15 & 17	2	Amber	One on each side of front	One on each side of the of the vertical centerline to indicate overall width.	Both on the same level as high as practicable.	B, C, D, G, H
Reflex reflector, intermediate	2	Amber	One on each(side)	At or near the midpoint between the front and rear side marker lamps, if the length of the vehicle is more than 9,144 mm (30 feet).	Between 381 mm (15inches) and 1,524 (60 inches).	A, B, D, F, G
Reflex reflector (rear). See footnotes 5, 6, and 8	2	Red	Rear	One on each side of the vertical centerline,as far apart as practicable and at the same height	Both on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,524 mm (60 inches).	A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Reflex reflector (rear side)	2	Red.	One on each side (rear)	As far to the rear as practicable	Both on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,524 mm (60 inches).	A, B, D, F, G
Reflex reflector (front side). See footnote 16	2	Amber	One on each side (front)	As far to the front as practicable	Between 381 mm (15inches) and 1,524 (60 inches).	A, B, C, D, F, G
License plate lamp (rear). See footnote 11	1	White	At rear license to illuminate plate from top or sides		No requirements	A, B, C, D, F, G
Side marker lamp (front). See footnote 16.	2	Amber	One on each side.	As far to the front as practicable	Not less than 381 mm (15 Inches)	A, B, C, D, F
Side marker lamp intermediate	2	Amber	One on each side	At or near the midpoint between the front and rear side marker lamps, if the length of the vehicle is more than 9,144 mm (30 feet)	Not less than 381 mm (15 Inches)	A, B, D, F, G
Side marker lamp (rear). See footnote 4 & 8	2	Red	One on each side	As far to the rear as practicable	No less than 381 mm (15 inches), and on the rear of trailers not more than	, B, D, F, G
Turn signal (rear). See footnotes 5 and 12.	2	Amber or Red	Rear	One lamp on each side of the vertical centerline as far apart as practicable	Both on the same level between 381 mm (15 nches) and 2,108 mm (83 inches).	A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Identification lamp (rear). See footnotes 3, 7, and 15.	3	Red	Rear	One as close as practicable to as the vertical centerline. One on each side with lamp centers spaced not less than 152 mm (6 inches) or more than 305 mm (12 inches) apart	All three on the same level close as practicable to the top of the vehicle.	B, D, G
Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher lamps. See footnotes 5 and 12.	2	Amber	Front	One lamp on each side of the vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable	Both on the same level between 381 mm (15 inches)and 2,108 mm (83 inches).	A, B, C
Backup lamp. See footnote 14.	1 or 2	White	Rear	Rear	No requirement	A, B, C
Parking lamp	2	Amber or White	Front	One lamp on each side of the vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable	Both on the same level between 381 mm (15 inches)and 2,108 mm (83 inches).	A

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Legend: Types of commercial motor vehicles shown in the last column of Table 1.

A. Buses and trucks less than 2,032 mm (80 inches) in overall width.

B. Buses and trucks 2,032 mm (80 inches) or more in overall width.

C. Truck tractors.

D. Semitrailers and full trailers 2,032 mm (80 inches) or more in overall width except converter dollies.

E. Converter dolly.

F. Semitrailers and full trailers less than 2,032 mm (80 inches) in overall width.

G. Pole trailers.

H. Projecting loads.

Note: Lamps and reflectors may be combined as permitted by Sec.   393.22 and S5.4 of 49 CFR 571.108, Equipment combinations.

Footnote--1 Identification lamps may be mounted on the vertical centerline of the cab where different from the centerline of the vehicle, except where the cab is not more than 42 inches wide at the front roofline, then a single lamp at the center of the cab shall be deemed to comply with the requirements for identification lamps. No part of the identification lamps or their mountings may extend below the top of the vehicle windshield.

Footnote--2 Unless the turn signals on the front are so constructed (double-faced) and located as to be visible to passing drivers, two turn signals are required on the rear of the truck tractor, one at each side as far apart as practicable.

Footnote--3 The identification lamps need not be visible or lighted if obscured by a vehicle in the same combination.

Footnote--4 Any semitrailer or full trailer manufactured on or after March 1, 1979, shall be equipped with rear side-marker lamps at a height of not less than 381 mm (15 inches), and on the rear of trailers not more than 1,524 mm (60 inches) above the road surface, as measured from the center of the lamp on the vehicle at curb weight.

Footnote--5 Each converter dolly, when towed singly by another vehicle and not as part of a full trailer, shall be equipped with one stop lamp, one tail lamp, and two reflectors (one on each side of the vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable) on the rear. Each converter dolly shall be equipped with rear turn signals and vehicular hazard warning signal flasher lamps when towed singly by another vehicle and not as part of a full trailer, if the converter dolly obscures the turn signals at the rear of the towing vehicle.

Footnote--6 Pole trailers shall be equipped with two reflex reflectors on the rear, one on each side of the vertical centerline as far apart as practicable, to indicate the extreme width of the trailer.

Footnote--7 Pole trailers, when towed by motor vehicles with rear identification lamps meeting the requirements of Sec.   393.11 and mounted at a height greater than the load being transported on the pole trailer, are not required to have rear identification lamps.

Footnote--8 Pole trailers shall have on the rearmost support for the load: (1) two front clearance lamps, one on each side of the vehicle, both on the same level and as high as practicable to indicate the overall width of the pole trailer; (2) two rear clearance lamps, one on each side of the vehicle, both on the same level and as high as practicable to indicate the overall width of the pole trailer; (3) two rear side marker lamps, one on each side of the vehicle, both on the same level, not less than 375 mm (15 inches) above the road surface; (4) two rear reflex reflectors, one on each side, both on the same level, not less than 375 mm (15 inches) above the road surface to indicate maximum width of the pole trailer; and (5) one red

reflector on each side of the rearmost support for the load. Lamps and reflectors may be combined as allowed in Sec.   393.22.

Footnote--9 Any motor vehicle transporting a load which extends more than 102 mm (4 inches) beyond the overall width of the motor vehicle shall be equipped with the following lamps in addition to other required lamps when operated during the hours when headlamps are required to be used.

(1) The foremost edge of that portion of the load which projects beyond the side of the vehicle shall be marked (at its outermost extremity) with an amber lamp visible from the front and side.

(2) The rearmost edge of that portion of the load which projects beyond the side of the vehicle shall be marked (at its outermost extremity) with a red lamp visible from the rear and side.

(3) If the projecting load does not measure more than 914 mm (3 feet) from front to rear, it shall be marked with an amber lamp visible from the front, both sides, and rear, except that if the projection is located at or near the rear it shall be marked by a red lamp visible from front, side, and rear.

Footnote--10 Projections beyond rear of motor vehicles. Motor vehicles transporting loads which extend more than 1,219 mm (4 feet) beyond the rear of the motor vehicle, or which have tailboards or tailgates extending more than 1,219 mm (4 feet) beyond the body, shall have these projections marked as follows when the vehicle is operated during the hours when headlamps are required to be used:

(1) On each side of the projecting load, one red side marker lamp, visible from the side, located so as to indicate maximum overhang.

(2) On the rear of the projecting load, two red lamps, visible from the rear, one at each side; and two red reflectors visible from the rear, one at each side, located so as to indicate maximum width.

Footnote--11 To be illuminated when tractor headlamps are illuminated.

Footnote--12 Every bus, truck, and truck tractor shall be equipped with a signaling system that, in addition to signaling turning movements, shall have a switch or combination of switches that will cause the two front turn signals and the two rear signals to flash simultaneously as a vehicular traffic signal warning, required by Sec.392-22(a). The system shall be capable of flashing simultaneously with the ignition of the vehicle on or off.

Footnote--13 To be actuated upon application of service brakes.

Footnote--14 Backup lamp required to operate when bus, truck, or truck tractor is in reverse.

Footnote—15 (1) For the purposes of Section 393.11, the term ``overall width'' refers to the nominal design dimension of the widest part of the vehicle, exclusive of the signal lamps, marker lamps, outside rearview mirrors, flexible fender extensions, and mud flaps.

(2) Clearance lamps may be mounted at a location other than on the front and rear if necessary to indicate the overall width of a vehicle, or for protection from damage during normal operation of the vehicle.

(3) On a trailer, the front clearance lamps may be mounted at a height below the extreme height if mounting at the extreme height results in the lamps failing to mark the overall width of the trailer.

(4) On a truck tractor, clearance lamps mounted on the cab may be located to indicate the width of the cab, rather than the width of the vehicle.

(5) When the rear identification lamps are mounted at the extreme height of a vehicle, rear clearance lamps are not required to be located as close as practicable to the top of the vehicle.

Footnote--16 A trailer subject to this part that is less than 1829 mm (6 feet) in overall length, including the trailer tongue, need not be equipped with front side marker lamps and front side reflex reflectors.

Footnote--17 A boat trailer subject to this part whose overall width is 2032 mm (80 inches) or more need not be equipped with both front and rear clearance lamps provided an amber (front) and red (rear) clearance lamp is located at or near the midpoint on each side so as to indicate its extreme width.

12. Section 393.17 is amended by revising the illustrations at the end

of the section to read as follows:

Sec.  393.17  Lamp and reflectors--combinations in driveway-towaway

operation.

13. Section 393.19 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.19  Hazard warning signals. The hazard warning signal operating unit on each commercial motor vehicle shall operate independently of the ignition or equivalent switch, and when activated, cause all turn signals required by Sec. 393.11 to flash simultaneously.

Sec.  393.20

14. Section 393.20 is removed and reserved.

15. Section 393.23 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.23  Power supply for lamps.

All required lamps must be powered by the electrical system of the

motor vehicle with the exception of battery powered lamps used on

projecting loads.

16. Section 393.24 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.24  Requirements for head lamps, auxiliary driving lamps and

front fog lamps.

(a) Headlamps. Every bus, truck and truck tractor shall be equipped

with headlamps as required by Sec.  393.11(a). The headlamps shall

provide an upper and lower beam distribution of light, selectable at

the driver's will and be steady-burning. The headlamps shall be marked

in accordance with FMVSS No. 108. Auxiliary driving lamps and/or front

fog lamps may not be used to satisfy the requirements of this

paragraph.

    (b) Auxiliary driving lamps and front fog lamps. Commercial motor

vehicles may be equipped with auxiliary driving lamps and/or front fog

lamps for use in conjunction with, but not in lieu of the required

headlamps. Auxiliary driving lamps shall meet SAE Standard J581

Auxiliary Upper Beam Lamps, July 2004, and front fog lamps shall meet

SAE Standard J583 Front Fog Lamp, August 2004. (See Sec.  393.7 for

information on the incorporation by reference and availability of these

documents.)

    (c) Mounting. Headlamps shall be mounted and aimable in accordance

with FMVSS No. 108. Auxiliary driving lamps and front fog lamps shall be mounted so that the beams are aimable and the mounting shall prevent the aim of the lighting device from being disturbed while the vehicle is operating on public roads.

    (d) Aiming. Headlamps, auxiliary driving lamps and front fog lamps

shall be aimed to meet the aiming specifications in FMVSS No. 108 (49

CFR 571.108), SAE J581, and SAE J583, respectively.

17. Section 393.25 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.25  Requirements for lamps other than head lamps.

    (a) Mounting. All lamps shall be securely mounted on a rigid part

of the vehicle. Temporary lamps must be securely mounted to the load

and are not required to be mounted to a permanent part of the vehicle.

    (b) Visibility. Each lamp shall be located so that it meets the

visibility requirements specified by FMVSS No. 108 in effect at the

time of manufacture of the vehicle. Vehicles which were not subject to

FMVSS No. 108 at the time of manufacture shall have each lamp located

so that it meets the visibility requirements specified in the SAE

standards listed in paragraph (c) of this section. If motor vehicle

equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker booms, backhoes, and

winches) prevents compliance with this paragraph by any required lamp,

an auxiliary lamp or device meeting the requirements of this paragraph

shall be provided. This shall not be construed to apply to lamps on one

unit which are obscured by another unit of a combination of vehicles.

    (c) Specifications. All required lamps (except marker lamps on

projecting loads, lamps which are temporarily attached to vehicles

transported in driveaway-towaway operations, and lamps on converter

dollies and pole trailers) on vehicles manufactured on or after

December 25, 1968, shall, at a minimum, meet the applicable

requirements of FMVSS No. 108 in effect on the date of manufacture of

the vehicle. Marker lamps on projecting loads, all lamps which are

temporarily attached to vehicles transported in driveaway-towaway

operations, and all lamps on converter dollies and pole trailers must

meet the following applicable SAE standards: J586--Stop Lamps for Use

on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in Overall Width, March 2000; J2261

Stop Lamps and Front- and Rear-Turn Signal Lamps for Use on Motor

Vehicles 2032 mm or More in Overall Width, January 2002; J585--Tail

Lamps (Rear Position Lamps) for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm

in Overall Width, March 2000; J588--Turn Signal Lamps for Use on Motor

Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in Overall Width, March 2000; J2040--Tail

Lamps (Rear Position Lamps) for Use on Vehicles 2032 mm or More in

Overall Width, March 2002; J592--Sidemarker Lamps for Use on Road

Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in Overall Width, August 2000. (See Sec.

393.7 for information on the incorporation by reference and

availability of these documents.)

    (d) (Reserved)

    (e) Lamps to be steady-burning. All exterior lamps (both required

lamps and any additional lamps) shall be steady-burning with the

exception of turn signal lamps; hazard warning signal lamps; school bus

warning lamps; amber warning lamps or flashing warning lamps on tow

trucks and commercial motor vehicles transporting oversized loads; and

warning lamps on emergency and service vehicles authorized by State or

local authorities. Lamps combined into the same shell or housing with a

turn signal are not required to be steady burning while the turn signal

is in use. Amber warning lamps must meet SAE J845--Optical Warning

Devices for Authorized Emergency, Maintenance and Service Vehicles, May

1997. Amber flashing warning lamps must meet SAE J595--Directional

Flashing Optical Warning Devices for Authorized Emergency, Maintenance

and Service Vehicles, January 2005. Amber gaseous discharge warning

lamps must meet SAE J1318 Gaseous Discharge Warning Lamp for Authorized

Emergency, Maintenance, and Service Vehicles, May 1998. (See Sec.

393.7(b) for information on the incorporation by reference and

availability of these documents.)

    (f) Stop lamp operation. The stop lamps on each vehicle shall be

activated upon application of the service brakes. The stop lamps are

not required to be activated when the emergency feature of the trailer

brakes is used or when the stop lamp is optically combined with the

turn signal and the turn signal is in use.

18. Section 393.26 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and

(d) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  393.26  Requirements for reflex reflectors.

    (a) Mounting. Reflex reflectors shall be mounted at the locations

required by Sec.  393.11. In the case of motor vehicles so constructed

that requirement for a 381 mm (15-inch) minimum height above the road

surface is not practical, the reflectors shall be mounted as close as

practicable to the required mounting height range. All permanent reflex

reflectors shall be securely mounted on a rigid part of the vehicle.

Temporary reflectors on projecting loads must be securely mounted to

the load and are not required to be permanently mounted to a part of

the vehicle. Temporary reflex reflectors on vehicles transported in

driveaway-towaway operations must be firmly attached.

    (b) Specifications. All required reflex reflectors (except reflex

reflectors on projecting loads, vehicles transported in a driveaway-

towaway operation, converter dollies and pole trailers) on vehicles

manufactured on or after December 25, 1968, shall meet the applicable

requirements of FMVSS No. 108 in effect on the date of manufacture of

the vehicle. Reflex reflectors on projecting loads, vehicles

transported in a driveaway-towaway operation, and all reflex reflectors

on converter dollies and pole trailers must conform to SAE J594--Reflex

Reflectors, December 2003.

    (c) Substitute material for side reflex reflectors. Reflective

material conforming to ASTM D 4956-04, Standard Specification for

Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, may be used in lieu of

reflex reflectors if the material as used on the vehicle, meets the

performance standards in either Table I of SAE J594 or Table IA of SAE

J594--Reflex Reflectors, December 2003. (See Sec.  393.7(b) for

information on the incorporation by reference and availability of these

documents.)

    (d) Use of additional retroreflective surfaces. Additional

retroreflective surfaces may be used in conjunction with, but not in

lieu of the reflex reflectors required in subpart B of part 393, and

the substitute material for side reflex reflectors allowed by paragraph

(c) of this section, provided:

* * * * *

Sec.  393.27  [Removed]

18a. Section 393.27 is removed and reserved.

19. Section 393.28 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.28  Wiring systems.

    Electrical wiring shall be installed and maintained to conform to

SAE J1292--Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach

Wiring, October 1981, except the jumper cable plug and receptacle need

not conform to SAE J560. The reference to SAE J1292 shall not be

construed to require circuit protection on trailers. (See Sec.

393.7(b) for information on the incorporation by reference and

availability of this document.)

Sec.  393.29  [Removed]

19a. Section 393.29 is removed and reserved.

20. Sections 393.31, 393.32, and 393.33 are removed and reserved.

21. Section 393.40 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.40  Required brake systems.

    (a) Each commercial motor vehicle must have brakes adequate to stop

and hold the vehicle or combination of motor vehicles. Each commercial

motor vehicle must meet the applicable service, parking, and emergency

brake system requirements provided in this section.

    (b) Service brakes. (1) Hydraulic brake systems. Motor vehicles

equipped with hydraulic brake systems and manufactured on or after

September 2, 1983, must, at a minimum, have a service brake system that

meets the requirements of FMVSS No. 105 in effect on the date of

manufacture. Motor vehicles which were not subject to FMVSS No. 105 on

the date of manufacture must have a service brake system that meets the

applicable requirements of Sec. Sec.  393.42, 393.48, 393.49, 393.51,

and 393.52 of this subpart.

    (2) Air brake systems. Buses, trucks and truck-tractors equipped

with air brake systems and manufactured on or after March 1, 1975, and

trailers manufactured on or after January 1, 1975, must, at a minimum,

have a service brake system that meets the requirements of FMVSS No.

121 in effect on the date of manufacture. Motor vehicles which were not

subject to FMVSS No. 121 on the date of manufacture must have a service

brake system that meets the applicable requirements of Sec. Sec.

393.42, 393.48, 393.49, 393.51, and 393.52 of this subpart.

    (3) Vacuum brake systems. Motor vehicles equipped with vacuum brake

systems must have a service brake system that meets the applicable

requirements of Sec. Sec.  393.42, 393.48, 393.49, 393.51, and 393.52

of this subpart.

    (4) Electric brake systems. Motor vehicles equipped with electric

brake systems must have a service brake system that meets the

applicable requirements of Sec. Sec.  393.42, 393.48, 393.49 and 393.52

of this subpart.

    (c) Parking brakes. Each commercial motor vehicle must be equipped

with a parking brake system that meets the applicable requirements of

Sec.  393.41.

    (d) Emergency brakes--partial failure of service brakes.

    (1) Hydraulic brake systems. Motor vehicles manufactured on or

after September 2, 1983, and equipped with a split service brake system

must, at a minimum, meet the partial failure requirements of FMVSS No.

105 in effect on the date of manufacture.

    (2) Air brake systems. Buses, trucks and truck tractors

manufactured on or after March 1, 1975, and trailers manufactured on or

after January 1, 1975, must be equipped with an emergency brake system

which, at a minumum, meets the requirements of FMVSS No. 121 in effect

on the date of manufacture.

    (3) Vehicles not subject to FMVSS Nos. 105 and 121 on the date of

manufacture. Buses, trucks and truck tractors not subject to FMVSS Nos.

105 or 121 on the date of manufacture must meet the requirements of

Sec.  393.40(e). Trailers not subject to FMVSS No. 121 at the time of

manufacture must meet the requirements of Sec.  393.43.

    (e) Emergency brakes, vehicles manufactured on or after July 1,

1973. (1) A bus, truck, truck tractor, or a combination of motor

vehicles manufactured on or after July 1, 1973, and not covered under

paragraphs (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section, must have an emergency

brake system which consists of emergency features of the service brake

system or an emergency system separate from the service brake system.

The emergency brake system must meet the applicable requirements of

Sec. Sec.  393.43 and 393.52.

    (2) A control by which the driver applies the emergency brake

system must be located so that the driver can operate it from the

normal seating position while restrained by any seat belts with which

the vehicle is equipped. The emergency brake control may be combined

with either the service brake control or the parking brake control.

However, all three controls may not be combined.

    (f) Interconnected systems. (1) If the brake systems required by

Sec.  393.40(a) are interconnected in any way, they must be designed,

constructed, and maintained so that in the event of a failure of any

part of the operating mechanism of one or more of the systems (except

the service brake actuation pedal or valve), the motor vehicle will

have operative brakes and, for vehicles manufactured on or after July

1, 1973, be capable of meeting the requirements of Sec.  393.52(b).

    (2) A motor vehicle to which the requirements of FMVSS No. 105

(S5.1.2), dealing with partial failure of the service brake, applied at

the time of manufacture meets the requirements of Sec.  393.40(f)(1) if

the motor vehicle is maintained in conformity with FMVSS No. 105 and

the motor vehicle is capable of meeting the requirements of Sec.

393.52(b), except in the case of a structural failure of the brake

master cylinder body.

    (3) A bus is considered to meet the requirements of Sec.

393.40(f)(1) if it meets the requirements of Sec.  393.44 and Sec.

393.52(b).

22. Section 393.41 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.41  Parking brake system.

    (a) Hydraulic-braked vehicles manufactured on or after September 2,

1983. Each truck and bus (other than a school bus) with a GVWR of 4,536

kg (10,000 pounds) or less which is subject to this part and school

buses with a GVWR greater than 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds) shall be

equipped with a parking brake system as required by FMVSS No. 571.105

(S5.2) in effect at the time of manufacture. The parking brake shall be

capable of holding the vehicle or combination of vehicles stationary

under any condition of loading in which it is found on a public road

(free of ice and snow). Hydraulic-braked vehicles which were not

subject to the parking brake requirements of FMVSS No. 571.105 (S5.2)

must be equipped with a parking brake system that meets the

requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.

    (b) Air-braked power units manufactured on or after March 1, 1975,

and air-braked trailers manufactured on or after January 1, 1975.

    Each air-braked bus, truck and truck tractor manufactured on and

after March 1, 1975, and each air-braked trailer except an agricultural

commodity trailer, converter dolly, heavy hauler trailer or pulpwood

trailer, shall be equipped with a parking brake system as required by

FMVSS No. 121 (S5.6) in effect at the time of manufacture. The parking

brake shall be capable of holding the vehicle or combination of

vehicles stationary under any condition of loading in which it is found

on a public road (free of ice and snow). An agricultural commodity

trailer, heavy hauler or pulpwood trailer shall carry sufficient

chocking blocks to prevent movement when parked.

    (c) Vehicles not subject to FMVSS Nos. 105 and 121 on the date of

manufacture. (1) Each singly driven motor vehicle not subject to

parking brake requirements of FMVSS Nos. 105 or 121 at the time of

manufacturer, and every combination of motor vehicles must be equipped

with a parking brake system adequate to hold the vehicle or combination

on any grade on which it is operated, under any condition of

loading in which it is found on a public road (free of ice and snow).

    (2) The parking brake system shall, at all times, be capable of

being applied by either the driver's muscular effort or by spring

action. If other energy is used to apply the parking brake, there must

be an accumulation of that energy isolated from any common source and

used exclusively for the operation of the parking brake.

    Exception: This paragraph shall not be applicable to air-applied,

mechanically-held parking brake systems which meet the parking brake

requirements of FMVSS No. 121 (S5.6). (3) The parking brake system

shall be held in the applied position by energy other than fluid

pressure, air pressure, or electric energy. The parking brake system

shall not be capable of being released unless adequate energy is

available to immediately reapply the parking brake with the required

effectiveness.

23. Section 393.42 is amended by revising the figure and revising

paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.42  Brakes required on all wheels.

* * * * *

    (b) Exception. (1) Trucks or truck tractors having three or more

axles and manufactured before July 25, 1980, are not required to have

brakes on the front wheels. However, these vehicles must meet the

requirements of Sec.  393.52.

    (2) Motor vehicles being towed in a driveaway-towaway operation are

not required to have operative brakes provided the combination of

vehicles meets the requirements of Sec.  393.52. This exception is not

applicable to:

    (i) Any motor vehicle towed by means of a tow-bar when another

motor vehicle is full-mounted on the towed vehicle; and

    (ii) Any combination of motor vehicles utilizing three or more

saddle-mounts.

    (3) Any semitrailer or pole trailer (laden or unladen) with a gross

weight of 1,361 kg (3,000 pounds) or less which is subject to this part

is not required to be equipped with brakes if the axle weight of the

towed vehicle does not exceed 40 percent of the sum of the axle weights

of the towing vehicle.

    (4) Any full trailer or four-wheel pole trailer (laden or unladen)

with a gross weight of 1,361 kg (3,000 pounds) or less which is subject

to this part is not required to be equipped with brakes if the sum of

the axle weights of the towed vehicle does not exceed 40 percent of the

sum of the axle weights of the towing vehicle.

    (5) Brakes are not required on the steering axle of a three-axle

dolly which is steered by a co-driver.

    (6) Loaded housemoving dollies, specialized trailers and dollies

used to transport industrial furnaces, reactors, and similar motor

vehicles are not required to be equipped with brakes, provided the

speed at which the combination of vehicles will be operated does not

exceed 32 km/hour (20 mph) and brakes on the combination of vehicles

are capable of stopping the combination within 12.2 meters (40 feet)

from the speed at which the vehicle is being operated or 32 km/hour (20

mph), whichever is less.

BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P

24. Section 393.43 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (d) and (f)

and by adding headings to paragraphs (b), (c), and (e) to read as

follows:

Sec.  393.43  Breakaway and emergency braking.

    (a) Towing vehicle protection system. Every motor vehicle, if used

to tow a trailer equipped with brakes, shall be equipped with a means

for providing that in the case of a breakaway of the trailer, the

service brakes on the towing vehicle will be capable of stopping the

towing vehicle. For air braked towing units, the tractor protection

valve or similar device shall operate automatically when the air

pressure on the towing vehicle is between 138 kPa and 310 kPa (20 psi

and 45 psi).

    (b) Emergency brake requirements, air brakes. * * *

    (c) Emergency brake requirements, vacuum brakes. * * *

    (d) Breakaway braking requirements for trailers. Every trailer

required to be equipped with brakes shall have brakes which apply

automatically and immediately upon breakaway from the towing vehicle.

With the exception of trailers having three or more axles, all brakes

with which the trailer is required to be equipped must be applied upon

breakaway from the towing vehicle. The brakes must remain in the

applied position for at least 15 minutes.

    (e) Emergency valves. * * *

    (f) Exception. The requirements of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of

this section shall not be applicable to commercial motor vehicles being

transported in driveaway-towaway operations.

25. Section 393.45 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.45  Brake tubing and hoses; hose assemblies and end fittings.

    (a) General construction requirements for tubing and hoses,

assemblies, and end fittings. All brake tubing and hoses, brake hose

assemblies, and brake hose end fittings must meet the applicable

requirements of FMVSS No. 106 (49 CFR 571.106).

    (b) Brake tubing and hose installation. Brake tubing and hose

must--

    (1) Be long and flexible enough to accommodate without damage all

normal motions of the parts to which it is attached;

    (2) Be secured against chaffing, kinking, or other mechanical

damage; and

    (3) Be installed in a manner that prevents it from contacting the

vehicle's exhaust system or any other source of high temperatures.

    (c) Nonmetallic brake tubing. Coiled nonmetallic brake tubing may

be used for connections between towed and towing motor vehicles or

between the frame of a towed vehicle and the unsprung subframe of an

adjustable axle of the motor vehicle if--

    (1) The coiled tubing has a straight segment (pigtail) at each end

that is at least 51 mm (2 inches) in length and is encased in a spring

guard or similar device which prevents the tubing from kinking at the

fitting at which it is attached to the vehicle; and

    (2) The spring guard or similar device has at least 51 mm (2

inches) of closed coils or similar surface at its interface with the

fitting and extends at least 38 mm (1\1/2\ inches) into the coiled

segment of the tubing from its straight segment.

    (d) Brake tubing and hose connections. All connections for air,

vacuum, or hydraulic braking systems shall be installed so as to ensure

an attachment free of leaks, constrictions or other conditions which

would adversely affect the performance of the brake system.

Sec.  393.46  [Removed]

26. Section 393.46 is removed and reserved.

27. Section 393.47 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.47  Brake actuators, slack adjusters, linings/pads and drums/

rotors.

    (a) General requirements. Brake components must be constructed,

installed and maintained to prevent excessive fading and grabbing. The

means of attachment and physical characteristics must provide for safe

and reliable stopping of the commercial motor vehicle.

    (b) Brake chambers. The service brake chambers and spring brake

chambers on each end of an axle must be the same size.

    (c) Slack adjusters. The effective length of the slack adjuster on

each end of an axle must be the same.

    (d) Linings and pads. The thickness of the brake linings or pads

shall meet the applicable requirements of this paragraph--

    (1) Steering axle brakes. The brake lining/pad thickness on the

steering axle of a truck, truck-tractor or bus shall not be less than

4.8 mm (\3/16\ inch) at the shoe center for a shoe with a continuous

strip of lining; less than 6.4 mm (\1/4\ inch) at the shoe center for a

shoe with two pads; or worn to the wear indicator if the lining is so

marked, for air drum brakes. The steering axle brake lining/pad

thickness shall not be less than 3.2 mm (\1/8\ inch) for air disc

brakes, or 1.6 mm (\1/16\ inch) or less for hydraulic disc, drum and

electric brakes.

    (2) Non-steering axle brakes. An air braked commercial motor

vehicle shall not be operated with brake lining/pad thickness less than

6.4 mm (\1/4\ inch) or to the wear indicator if the lining is so marked

(measured at the shoe center for drum brakes); or less than 3.2 mm (\1/

8\ inch) for disc brakes. Hydraulic or electric braked commercial motor

vehicles shall not be operated with a lining/pad thickness less than

1.6 mm (\1/16\ inch) (measured at the shoe center) for disc or drum

brakes.

    (e) Clamp and Roto-Chamber Brake Actuator Readjustment limits. The

pushrod travel for clamp and roto-chamber type actuators must be less

than 80 percent of the rated strokes listed in SAE J1817--Long Stroke

Air Brake Actuator Marking, July 2001 (See Sec.  393.7 (b) for

information on incorporation by reference and availability of this

document), or 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the brake

chamber by the chamber manufacturer, or the readjustment limit marked

on the brake chamber by the chamber manufacturer. The pushrod travel

for Type 16 and 20 long stroke clamp type brake actuators must be less

than 51 mm (2 inches) or 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the

brake chamber by the chamber manufacturer, or the readjustment limit

marked on the brake chamber by the chamber manufacturer.

    (f) Wedge Brake Adjustment. The movement of the scribe mark on the

lining shall not exceed 1.6 mm (\1/16\ inch).

    (g) Drums and rotors. The thickness of the drums or rotors shall

not be less than the limits established by the brake drum or rotor

manufacturer.

28. Section 393.48 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.48  Brakes to be operative.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of

this section, all brakes with which a commercial motor vehicle is

equipped must be operable at all times.

    (b) Devices to reduce or remove front-wheel braking effort. A

commercial motor vehicle may be equipped with a device to reduce the

front wheel braking effort (or in the case of a three-axle truck or

truck tractor manufactured before March 1, 1975, a device to remove the

front-wheel braking effort) if that device meets the applicable

requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.

    (1) Manually operated devices. Manually operated devices to reduce

or remove front-wheel braking effort may only be used on buses, trucks,

and truck tractors manufactured before March 1, 1975. Such devices must

not be used unless the vehicle is being operated under adverse

conditions such as wet, snowy, or icy roads.

    (2) Automatic devices. Automatic devices must not reduce the front-

wheel braking force by more than 50 percent of the braking force

available when the automatic device is disconnected (regardless of

whether or not an antilock system failure has occurred on any axle).

The device must not be operable by the driver except upon application

of the control that activates the braking system. The device must not

be operable when the brake control application pressure exceeds 85 psig

(for vehicles equipped with air brakes) or 85 percent of the maximum

system pressure (for vehicles which are not equipped with air brakes).

    (c) Exception. Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to--

    (1) A towed vehicle with disabling damage as defined in Sec.

390.5;

    (2) A vehicle which is towed in a driveaway-towaway operation and

is included in the exemption to the requirement for brakes on all

wheels, Sec.  393.42(b);

    (3) Unladen converter dollies with a gross weight of 1,361 kg

(3,000 lbs) or less, and manufactured prior to March 1, 1998;

    (4) The steering axle of a three-axle dolly which is steered by a

co-driver;

    (5) Loaded house moving dollies, specialized trailers and dollies

used to transport industrial furnaces, reactors, and similar motor

vehicles provided the speed at which the combination of vehicles will

be operated does not exceed 32 km/hour (20 mph) and brakes on the

combination of vehicles are capable of stopping the combination within

12.2 meters (40 feet) from the speed at which the vehicle is being

operated or 32 km/hour (20 mph), whichever is less.

    (6) Raised lift axles. Brakes on lift axles need not be capable of

being operated while the lift axle is raised. However, brakes on lift

axles must be capable of being applied whenever the lift axle is

lowered and the tires contact the roadway.

29. Section 393.50 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.50  Reservoirs required.

    (a) Reservoir capacity for air-braked power units manufactured on

or after March 1, 1975, and air-braked trailers manufactured on or

after January 1, 1975. Buses, trucks, and truck-tractors manufactured

on or after March 1, 1975, and air-braked trailers manufactured on or

after January 1, 1975, must meet the reservoir requirements of FMVSS

No. 121, S5.1.2, in effect on the date of manufacture.

    (b) Reservoir capacity for air-braked vehicles not subject to FMVSS

No. 121 on the date of manufacture and all vacuum braked vehicles. Each

motor vehicle using air or vacuum braking must have either reserve

capacity, or a reservoir, that would enable the driver to make a full

service brake application with the engine stopped without depleting the

air pressure or vacuum below 70 percent of that indicated by the air or

vacuum gauge immediately before the brake application is made. For the

purposes of this paragraph, a full service brake application means

depressing the brake pedal or treadle valve to the limit of its travel.

    (c) Safeguarding of air and vacuum. Each service reservoir system

on a motor vehicle shall be protected against a loss of air pressure or

vacuum due to a failure or leakage in the system between the service

reservoir and the source of air pressure or vacuum, by check valves or

equivalent devices whose proper functioning can be checked without

disconnecting any air or vacuum line, or fitting.

    (d) Drain valves for air braked vehicles. Each reservoir must have

a condensate drain valve that can be manually operated. Automatic

condensate drain valves may be used provided (1) they may be operated

manually, or (2) a manual means of draining the reservoirs is retained.

30. Section 393.51 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.51  Warning signals, air pressure and vacuum gauges.

    (a) General Rule. Every bus, truck and truck tractor, except as

provided in paragraph (f), must be equipped with a signal that provides

a warning to the driver when a failure occurs in the vehicle's service

brake system. The warning signal must meet the applicable requirements

of paragraphs (b), (c), (d) or (e) of this section.

    (b) Hydraulic brakes. Vehicles manufactured on or after September

1, 1975, must meet the brake system indicator lamp requirements of

FMVSS No. 571.105 (S5.3) applicable to the vehicle on the date of

manufacture. Vehicles manufactured on or after July 1, 1973 but before

September 1, 1975, or to which FMVSS No. 571.105 was not applicable on

the date of manufacture, must have a warning signal which operates

before or upon application of the brakes in the event of a hydraulic-

type complete failure of a partial system. The signal must be either

visible within the driver's forward field of view or audible. The

signal must be continuous. (NOTE: FMVSS No. 105 was applicable to

trucks and buses from September 1, 1975 to October 12, 1976, and from

September 1, 1983, to the present. FMVSS No. 105 was not applicable to

trucks and buses manufactured between October 12, 1976, and September

1, 1983. Motor carriers have the option of equipping those vehicles to

meet either the indicator lamp requirements of FMVSS No. 105, or the

indicator lamp requirements specified in this paragraph for vehicles

which were not subject to FMVSS No. 105 on the date of manufacture.)

    (c) Air brakes. A commercial motor vehicle (regardless of the date

of manufacture) equipped with service brakes activated by compressed

air (air brakes) or a commercial motor vehicle towing a vehicle with

service brakes activated by compressed air (air brakes) must be

equipped with a pressure gauge and a warning signal. Trucks, truck

tractors, and buses manufactured on or after March 1, 1975, must, at a

minimum, have a pressure gauge and a warning signal which meets the

requirements of FMVSS No. 121 (S5.1.4 for the pressure gauge and S5.1.5

for the warning signal) applicable to the vehicle on the date of

manufacture of the vehicle. Power units to which FMVSS No. 571.121 was

not applicable on the date of manufacture of the vehicle must be

equipped with--

    (1) A pressure gauge, visible to a person seated in the normal

driving position, which indicates the air pressure (in kilopascals

(kPa) or pounds per square inch (psi)) available for braking; and

    (2) A warning signal that is audible or visible to a person in the

normal driving position and provides a continuous warning to the driver

whenever the air pressure in the service reservoir system is at 379 kPa

(55 psi) and below, or one-half of the compressor governor cutout

pressure, whichever is less.

    (d) Vacuum brakes. A commercial motor vehicle (regardless of the

date it was manufactured) having service brakes activated by vacuum or

a vehicle towing a vehicle having service brakes activated by vacuum

must be equipped with--

    (1) A vacuum gauge, visible to a person seated in the normal

driving position, which indicates the vacuum (in millimeters or inches

of mercury) available for braking; and

    (2) A warning signal that is audible or visible to a person in the

normal driving position and provides a continuous warning to the driver

whenever the vacuum in the vehicle's supply reservoir is less than 203

mm (8 inches) of mercury.

    (e) Hydraulic brakes applied or assisted by air or vacuum. Each

vehicle equipped with hydraulically activated service brakes which are

applied or assisted by compressed air or vacuum, and to which FMVSS No.

105 was not applicable on the date of manufacture, must be equipped

with a warning signal that conforms to paragraph (b) of this section

for the hydraulic portion of the system; paragraph (c) of this section

for the air assist/air applied portion; or paragraph (d) of this

section for the vacuum assist/vacuum applied portion. This paragraph

shall not be construed as requiring air pressure gauges or vacuum

gauges, only warning signals.

    (f) Exceptions. The rules in paragraphs (c), (d) and (e) of this

section do not apply to property carrying commercial motor vehicles

which have less than three axles and (1) were manufactured before July

1, 1973, and (2) have a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating less

than 4,536 kg (10,001 pounds).

31. Section 393.61 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.61  Truck and truck tractor window construction.

    Each truck and truck tractor (except trucks engaged in armored car

service) shall have at least one window on each side of the driver's

compartment. Each window must have a minimum area of 1,290 cm\2\ (200

in\2\) formed by a rectangle 33 cm by 45 cm (13 inches by 17\3/4\

inches). The maximum radius of the corner arcs shall not exceed 152 mm

(6 inches). The long axis of the rectangle shall not make an angle of

more than 45 degrees with the surface on which the unladen vehicle

stands. If the cab is designed with a folding door or doors or with

clear openings where doors or windows are customarily located, no

windows shall be required in those locations.

32. Section 393.62 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.62  Emergency exits for buses.

    (a) Buses manufactured on or after September 1, 1994. Each bus with

a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds) or less must meet the emergency exit

requirements of FMVSS No. 217 (S5.2.2.3) in effect on the date of

manufacture. Each bus with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds)

must have emergency exits which meet the applicable emergency exit

requirements of FMVSS No. 217 (S5.2.2 or S5.2.3) in effect on the date

of manufacture.

    (b) Buses manufactured on or after September 1, 1973, but before

September 1, 1994. (1) Each bus (including a school bus used in

interstate commerce for non-school bus operations) with a GVWR of more

than 4,536 kg (10,000 lbs) must meet the requirements of FMVSS No. 217,

S5.2.2 in effect on the date of manufacture.

    (2) Each bus (including a school bus used in interstate commerce

for non-school bus operations) with a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 lbs) or

less must meet the requirements of FMVSS No. 217, S5.2.2.3 in effect on

the date of manufacture.

    (c) Buses manufactured before September 1, 1973. For each seated

passenger space provided, inclusive of the driver there shall be at

least 432 cm² (67 square inches) of glazing if such glazing

is not contained in a push-out window; or, at least 432 cm²

(67 square inches) of free opening resulting from opening of a push-out

type window. No area shall be included in this minimum prescribed area

unless it will provide an unobstructed opening of at least 1,290

cm² (200 in²) formed by a rectangle 33 cm by 45

cm (13 inches by 17\3/4\ inches). The maximum radius of the corner arcs

shall not exceed 152 mm (6 inches). The long axis of the rectangle

shall not make an angle of more than 45 degrees with the surface on

which the unladen vehicle stands. The area shall be measured either by

removal of the glazing if not of the push-out type, or of the movable

sash if of the push-out type. The exit must comply with paragraph (d)

of this section. Each side of the bus must have at least 40 percent of

emergency exit space required by this paragraph.

    (d) Laminated safety glass/push-out window requirements for buses

manufactured before September 1, 1973. Emergency exit space used to

satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section must have

laminated safety glass or push-out windows designed and maintained to

yield outward to provide a free opening.

    (1) Safety glass. Laminated safety glass must meet Test No. 25,

Egress, of American National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for

Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land

Highways--Safety Standards ANSI/SAE Z26.1/96, August 1997. (See Sec.

393.7 (b) for information on incorporation by reference and

availability of this document.)

    (2) Push-out windows. Each push-out window shall be releasable by

operating no more than two mechanisms and allow manual release of the

exit by a single occupant. For mechanisms which require rotary or

straight (parallel to the undisturbed exit surface) motions to operate

the exit, no more than 89 Newtons (20 pounds) of force shall be

required to release the exit. For exits which require a straight motion

perpendicular to the undisturbed exit surface, no more than 267 Newtons

(60 pounds) shall be required to release the exit.

    (e) Emergency exit identification. Each bus and each school bus

used in interstate commerce for non-school bus operations, manufactured

on or after September 1, 1973, shall meet the applicable emergency exit

identification or marking requirements of FMVSS No. 217, S5.5, in

effect on the date of manufacture. The emergency exits and doors on all

buses (including school buses used in interstate commerce for non-

school bus operations) must be marked ``Emergency Exit'' or ``Emergency

Door'' followed by concise operating instructions describing each

motion necessary to unlatch or open the exit located within 152 mm (6

inches) of the release mechanism.

    (f) Exception for the transportation of prisoners. The requirements

of this section do not apply to buses used exclusively for the

transportation of prisoners.

Sec.  393.63  [Removed]

33. Section 393.63 is removed and reserved.

34. Section 393.67 is amended by removing the footnote to paragraphs

(d) and (e); by revising the introductory text of paragraphs (a), (d),

and (e); and by revising paragraph (f)(2) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.67  Liquid fuel tanks.

    (a) Application of the rules in this section. The rules in this

section apply to tanks containing or supplying fuel for the operation

of commercial motor vehicles or for the operation of auxiliary

equipment installed on, or used in connection with commercial motor

vehicles.

* * * * *

    (d) Liquid fuel tank tests. Each liquid fuel tank must be capable

of passing the tests specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this

section. The specified tests are a measure of performance only.

Alternative procedures which assure that equipment meets the required

performance standards may be used.

* * * * *

    (e) Side-mounted liquid fuel tank tests. Each side-mounted liquid

fuel tank must be capable of passing the tests specified in paragraphs

(e)(1) and (2) of this section and the test specified in paragraphs

(d)(1) and (2) of this section. The specified tests are a measure of

performance only. Alternative procedures which assure that equipment

meets the required performance criteria may be used.

* * * * *

    (f) * * *

    (2) The manufacturer's name on tanks manufactured on and after July

1, 1989, and means of identifying the facility at which the tank was

manufactured, and..

* * * * *

35. Section 393.68 is added to part 393 and reads as follows:

Sec.  393.68  Compressed natural gas fuel containers.

    (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to compressed

natural gas (CNG) fuel containers used for supplying fuel for the

operation of commercial motor vehicles or for the operation of

auxiliary equipment installed on, or used in connection with commercial

motor vehicles.

    (b) CNG containers manufactured on or after March 26, 1995. Any

motor vehicle manufactured on or after March 26, 1995, and equipped

with a CNG fuel tank must meet the CNG container requirements of FMVSS

No. 304 (49 CFR 571.304) in effect at the time of manufacture of the

vehicle.

    (c) Labeling. Each CNG fuel container shall be permanently labeled

in accordance with the requirements of FMVSS No. 304, S7.4.

36. Section 393.70 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(8) to read as

follows:

Sec.  393.70  Coupling devices and towing methods, except for

driveaway-towaway operation.

    (d) * * *

    (8)(i) When two safety devices, including two safety chains or

cables, are used and are attached to the towing vehicle at separate

points, the points of attachment on the towing vehicle shall be located

equally distant from, and on opposite sides of, the longitudinal

centerline of the towing vehicle.

    (ii) Where two chains or cables are attached to the same point on

the towing vehicle, and where a bridle or a single chain or cable is

used, the point of attachment must be on the longitudinal centerline or within 152 mm (6 inches) to the right of the longitudinal centerline of the towing vehicle.

    (iii) A single safety device, other than a chain or cable, must

also be attached to the towing vehicle at a point on the longitudinal

centerline or within 152 mm (6 inches) to the right of the longitudinal

centerline of the towing vehicle.

37. Section 393.71 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (g) and

by adding paragraph (b)(3):

Sec.  393.71  Coupling devices and towing methods, driveaway-towaway

operations.

    (a) * * *

    (2) No more than one tow-bar or ball-and-socket type coupling

device may be used in any combination.

* * * * *

    (b) Carrying vehicles on towing vehicles, and multiple saddle-

mounts.

* * * * *

    (3) Saddle-mounted vehicles must be arranged such that the gross

weight of the vehicles is properly distributed to prevent undue

interference with the steering, braking, or maneuvering of the

combination of vehicles.

* * * * *

    (g) Means required for towing. No motor vehicles or combination of

motor vehicles shall be towed in driveaway-towaway operations by means

other than a tow-bar, ball-and-socket type coupling device, saddle-

mount connections which meet the requirements of this section, or in

the case of a semi-trailer equipped with an upper coupler assembly, a

fifth-wheel meeting the requirements of Sec.  393.70.

* * * * *

38. Section 393.75 is amended by revising paragraph (e) to read as

follows:

Sec.  393.75  Tires.

* * * * *

    (e) A regrooved tire with a load-carrying capacity equal to or

greater than 2,232 kg (4,920 pounds) shall not be used on the front

wheels of any truck or truck tractor.

* * * * *

39. Section 393.78 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.78  Windshield wiping and washing systems.

    (a) Vehicles manufactured on or after December 25, 1968. Each bus,

truck, and truck-tractor manufactured on or after December 25, 1968,

must have a windshield wiping system that meets the requirements of

FMVSS No. 104 (S4.1) in effect on the date of manufacture. Each of

these vehicles must have a windshield washing system that meets the

requirements of FMVSS No. 104 (S4.2.2) in effect on the date of

manufacture.

    (b) Vehicles manufactured between June 30, 1953, and December 24,

1968. Each truck, truck-tractor, and bus manufactured between June 30,

1953, and December 24, 1968, shall be equipped with a power-driven

windshield wiping system with at least two wiper blades, one on each

side of the centerline of the windshield. Motor vehicles which depend

upon vacuum to operate the windshield wipers, shall have the wiper

system constructed and maintained such that the performance of the

wipers will not be adversely affected by a change in the intake

manifold pressure.

    (c) Driveaway-towaway operations. Windshield wiping and washing

systems need not be in working condition while a commercial motor

vehicle is being towed in a driveaway-towaway operation.

40. Section 393.79 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.79  Windshield defrosting and defogging systems.

    (a) Vehicles manufactured on or after December 25, 1968. Each bus,

truck, and truck-tractor manufactured on or after December 25, 1968,

must have a windshield defrosting and defogging system that meets the

requirements of FMVSS No. 103 in effect on the date of manufacture.

    (b) Vehicles manufactured before December 25, 1968. Each bus,

truck, and truck-tractor shall be equipped with a means for preventing

the accumulation of ice, snow, frost, or condensation that could

obstruct the driver's view through the windshield while the vehicle is

being driven.

41. Section 393.82 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.82  Speedometer.

    Each bus, truck, and truck-tractor must be equipped with a

speedometer indicating vehicle speed in miles per hour and/or

kilometers per hour. The speedometer must be accurate to within plus or

minus 8 km/hr (5 mph) at a speed of 80 km/hr (50 mph).

42. Section 393.87 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  393.87  Warning flags on projecting loads.

    (a) Any commercial motor vehicle transporting a load which extends

beyond the sides by more than 102 mm (4 inches) or more than 1,219 mm

(4 feet) beyond the rear must have the extremities of the load marked

with red or orange fluorescent warning flags. Each warning flag must be

at least 457 mm (18 inches) square.

    (b) Position of flags. There must be a single flag at the extreme

rear if the projecting load is two feet wide or less. Two warning flags

are required if the projecting load is wider than two feet. Flags must

be located to indicate maximum width of loads which extend beyond the

sides and/or rear of the vehicle.

Sec.  393.92  [Removed]

43. Section 393.92 is removed and reserved.

44. Section 393.94 is amended revising the section heading, by removing

paragraph (d) and the footnote to paragraph (c), and by revising

paragraphs (a) and (c)(4) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.94  Interior noise levels in power units.

    (a) Applicability of this section. The interior noise level

requirements apply to all trucks, truck-tractors, and buses.

* * * * *

    (c)(4) The sound level meters used to determine compliance with the

requirements of this section must meet the American National Standards

Institute ``Specification for Sound Level Meters,'' ANSI S1.4--1983.

(See Sec.  393.7(b) for information on the incorporation by reference

and availability of this document.)

* * * * *

45. Section 393.95 is amended by revising the introductory text; by

removing and reserving paragraphs (c), (h) and (i); and by revising

paragraphs (a), (b) and (f) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.95  Emergency equipment on all power units.

    Each truck, truck tractor, and bus (except those towed in

driveaway-towaway operations) must be equipped as follows:

    (a) Fire Extinguishers.

    (1) Minimum ratings: (i) A power unit that is used to transport

hazardous materials in a quantity that requires placarding (See Sec.

177.823 of this title) must be equipped with a fire extinguisher having

an Underwriters' Laboratories rating of 10 B:C or more.

    (ii) A power unit that is not used to transport hazardous materials

must be equipped with either:

    (A) A fire extinguisher having an Underwriters' Laboratories rating

of 5 B:C or more; or

    (B) Two fire extinguishers, each of which has an Underwriters'

Laboratories rating of 4 B:C or more.

    (2) Labeling and marking. Each fire extinguisher required by this

section must be labeled or marked by the manufacturer with its

Underwriters' Laboratories rating.

    (3) Visual Indicators. The fire extinguisher must be designed,

constructed, and maintained to permit visual determination of whether

it is fully charged.

    (4) Condition, location, and mounting. The fire extinguisher(s)

must be filled and located so that it is readily accessible for use.

The extinguisher(s) must be securely mounted to prevent sliding,

rolling, or vertical movement relative to the motor vehicle.

    (5) Extinguishing agents. The fire extinguisher must use an

extinguishing agent that does not need protection from freezing.

Extinguishing agents must comply with the toxicity provisions of the

Environmental Protection Agency's Significant New Alternatives Policy

(SNAP) regulations under 40 CFR Part 82, Subpart G.

    (b) Spare fuses. Power units for which fuses are needed to operate

any required parts and accessories must have at least one spare fuse

for each type/size of fuse needed for those parts and accessories.

* * * * *

    (f) Warning devices for stopped vehicles. Except as provided in

paragraph (g) of this section, one of the following options must be

used:

    (1) Three bidirectional emergency reflective triangles that conform

to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 125,

Sec.  571.125 of this title; or

    (2) At least 6 fusees or 3 liquid-burning flares. The vehicle must

have as many additional fusees or liquid-burning flares as are

necessary to satisfy the requirements of Sec.  392.22.

    (3) Other warning devices may be used in addition to, but not in

lieu of, the required warning devices, provided those warning devices

do not decrease the effectiveness of the required warning devices.* * * * *

46. Section 393.201 is amended by removing paragraph (f) and by

revising paragraphs (a) and (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.201  Frames.

    (a) The frame or chassis of each commercial motor vehicle shall not

be cracked, loose, sagging or broken.

* * * * *

    (d) Parts and accessories shall not be welded to the frame or

chassis of a commercial motor vehicle except in accordance with the

vehicle manufacturer's recommendations. Any welded repair of the frame

must also be in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's

recommendations.

* * * * *

47. Section 393.207 is amended by adding paragraph (g) to read as

follows:

Sec.  393.207  Suspension systems.

* * * * *

    (g) Air suspension exhaust controls. The air suspension exhaust

controls must not have the capability to exhaust air from the

suspension system of one axle of a two-axle air suspension trailer

unless the controls are either located on the trailer, or the power

unit and trailer combination are not capable of traveling at a speed

greater than 10 miles per hour while the air is exhausted from the

suspension system. This paragraph shall not be construed to prohibit--

    (1) Devices that could exhaust air from both axle systems

simultaneously; or

    (2) Lift axles on multi-axle units.

48. Section 393.209 is amended by revising paragraph (b) and the first

sentence of paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  393.209  Steering wheel systems.

* * * * *

    (b) Steering wheel lash. (1) The steering wheel lash shall not

exceed the following parameters:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                 Manual steering       Power steering

   Steering wheel diameter           system                system

------------------------------------------------------------------------

406 mm or less (16 inches or  51 mm (2 inches)....  108 mm (4\1/4\

 less).                                              inches).

457 mm (18 inches)..........  57 mm (2\1/4\         121 mm (4\3/4\

                               inches).              inches).

483 mm (19 inches)..........  60 mm (2\3/8\         127 mm (5 inches).

                               inches).

508 mm (20 inches)..........  64 mm (2\1/2\         133 mm (5\1/4\

                               inches).              inches).

533 mm (21 inches)..........  67 mm (2\5/8\         140 mm (5\1/2\

                               inches).              inches).

559 mm (22 inches)..........  70 mm (2\3/4\         146 mm (5\3/4\

                               inches).              inches).

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) For steering wheel diameters not listed in paragraph (b)(1) of

this section the steering wheel lash shall not exceed 14 degrees

angular rotation for manual steering systems, and 30 degrees angular

rotation for power steering systems.

* * * * *

    (d) Steering system. Universal joints and ball-and-socket joints

shall not be worn, faulty or repaired by welding. * * *

* * * * *

[FR Doc. 05-14259 Filed 8-12-05; 8:45 am]